Firstly;
(perhaps with the help of some Roundup before I cover it).
The roundup won't work if you cover it! The plant has to photosynthesise (grow) to take up the weedkiller choose which type you use!
and leaving it die out for a year
Once applied it should work within a few weeks although with couch you may need to give it two or three application meaning 2/3 months.
And there is no point putting it on yet as it unlikely the couch is growing at this time ........watch for the new fresh growth then apply your first dose!
If I dig and clear the horrible weed from a few small chunks inside the troubled area and plant some fruit bushes into the gaps I'm thinking I can then lay my fabric down, complete with holes for the bushes, and end up with some nice fruit bushes and clear the couch grass all at the same time.
I think you are wasting your time here ( do I detect a glimmer of imatience?)
If you want to get your fruit bushes off to an early start try growing them in pots/buckets/ barrels anything until the ground is clear then transplant them.
Once that couch gets into yor root ball you will have the devils own job getting rid of it.
I'm afraid there is no "quick fix" with couch
My questions therefore are firstly does that sound like a good plan
No!
or is planting into small clear areas inside so much couch grass a bad idea?
Yes! Secondly, is my thinking that I'll be able to just spray a little RoundUp on any bits of grass that appear from under the fabric and try to invade the fruit bushes
Its the roots of the couch that will invade the root system on your bushes and you won't see these.
will I risk damaging the bushes that way?
There a fair chance you will
Sorry I couldn't be the bearer of better news :'(