They are indeed the seeds of the potato, and they are indeed poisonous.
If you wish to try growing potatoes from the seed pods split the pods and soak in a bowl of water for 24 hours, during which time the viable seed will float loose. It should then be stored until spring.
You will need a greenhouse to germinate the seed, and the first year you will only get one or two miniscule tubers too small to taste. A secnd year`s growth from the tiny tubers will be required to produce any tubers of any size at all. As all modern potatoes are infinitely hybridised there is just no way of knowing whether the resulting tubers will be any use or not until they grow