Sometimes there will be slightly "mouldy" looking bits on garlic bulbs which are nothing to worry about. If the bulb was nice and hard, it's not rotting so they may be ok.
In land that hasn't been cultivated for a while sometimes theres a build up of creatures that eat the vegetables, but you will find that this will lessen as you dig the soil each year. They may be wireworm, which aren't a big long term problem. Not sure what the see through worm type things are, maybe someone else will know.
I would say you can grow other things there, radishes do have a tendency to get attacked in some soils anyway. Even though Ive got a lot of space for growing, radishes are now grown here the "georgie" way in trays of nice soft pest free moist compost - at least we get some to eat now.
The raspberries would benefit from at least having all the bindweed and couch cut away from them, to let the light in and so you can see what you've got. Cut the weeds down to surface level, don't try to dig it out just yet, have a good look.
Then you can decide how to tackle the weeds, either carefully dig them out around the rasps which may be tricky, or carefully spray the growing weeds with a glyphosate weedkiller, which may be trickier still as you could spray the rasps accidentally. It may be better to just keep the weeds cut to ground level while the rasps grow and fruit, and to tackle the weeds after they've fruited.