What you describe could be any one or more of several things.
If the compost in the pots is soil based the white patches could be simple efflorescence of the unused salts in the soil drying out on the surface. Failing that (or if the compost is soilless) they are probably either fungal or algal or one of the forms of lichen - lichen is itself a mixture of fungus and algae growing together in symbiosis and can appear as white or brown or green depending on how damp or wet it is.
The green patches will be either algae or lichen or liverwort, depending on their form. Algae appears as a simple green layer, while liverwort has tiny green plate-like leaves similar in shape to the human liver (hence its name).
With the exception of efflorescence all are symbolic of damp and stagnant conditions - often contributed to by too frequent watering.
Try very gently scraping off the surface of the compost, remove all the debris, and then gently break up the surface of the compost with a kitchen fork without actually disturbing the plant. Don`t water again until the pot has dried out, then top up with fresh compost.