If it is a wind break then it needs to be tough enough to withstand the wind. I believe Palustrus used Jerusalem artichokes as a windbreak, as they are tough as old boots! I don't know how beans would cope.....I would imagine the side that the wind hit would get burnt but I guess if you were planting a vast length of them, which you would be, your bean gains would outweigh those lost to the weather!
I tried googling edible windbreaks, and other than pointing me to this site, all I seemed to come up with was permanent plantings, trees and hedges.