i can only add to what qahtan has posted. i lived and worked about a100 miles north of him in the Holland marsh area north of toronto. i ha d a small company designing and building machines for vegetable production
fertilizer, each field has soil samples taken on a 10 ft square grid pattern. and is analyzed in the field the info is recorded via a satellite onto a computer. later a contractor comes in with a fertilizer spreader with a 100 ft boom it drives in the grid pattern , with an on board computer connected to the satellite the machine delivers the exact amount of nitrogen, potash, phosphorus that each square on the grid that the soil needs for the crop that is to be grown. the field is disc-ed,cultivated prior to seeding.
seeding. all seeds were pelleted at one time now vacuum drills are used using raw seed. onions are seeded two rows at 17 in centres approx 9 seeds to the ft to get an 3in dia onion. a fungicide and a powdered pesticide is metered into the drill to protect the seed from the onion fly and a fungus called smut.
carrots are drilled into hills 8 in high at 28 in centres, 3 rows are drilled into each hill.28 to 40 seeds per ft depending on the diameter of the carrot you want to sell
pesticide is metered into the drill for the carrot rust fly