The only time a fruit tree died on me was a Morello, after a spell of being waterlogged over winter, when the bottom of the garden was under water.
The pear tree next to if refused to flower and set that year, but pulled through. Last winter but one, again we had waterlogging conditions and again no flowers and pears. But the tree which is about 25 years old now has always has pears when the water could drain.
Clearly trees don't like cold weather and 'wet feet'. Could this have happened your end?
I only know the theory about replanting - advice is to use a different fruit tree type. If you use the same, then excavate quite a lot of soil and fill with new soil, otherwise there is a risk of the new tree ailing. I think they called it 'replant disease'.